pleonomus canaliculatus

Applied crops: cereal crops - wheat, rice, barley, oats, corn, sorghum, buckwheat, millet, millet, barley, rye, winter wheat, upland rice

Vegetable crops - cauliflower, cabbage, radish, lettuce, tomato, eggplant, garlic, cabbage, chili peppers, celery

Sweet potato, potato, taro, burdock, and yam crops

The scientific name is Pleonomus canaliculatus Faldemann, belonging to the family of Percidae. Also known as Gou Kou Tou Bu, Gou Kou Tou Jia, Tu You Shi, Ji Ji Bu, and Steel Wire Bug. Distributed in the north of our country.

Host various crops, fruit trees, and vegetable crops.

Harmful characteristics: Larvae feed on seeds, sprouts, and roots of crops and vegetable seedlings in the soil, causing crop withering and death, resulting in seedling shortage, ridge cutting, and even whole field destruction.

Morphological characteristics: Mature larvae have a body length of 20-30mm, slender and slightly flattened, with hard and smooth body walls and yellow fine hairs, especially on both sides. The body is yellow in color, with a dark brown front and mouth, a flat head, a triangular protrusion on the upper lip, and a thin longitudinal groove in the center of the back of the chest and abdomen. The tail forks and bends slightly upwards, with one small tooth on the inside of each fork. Each segment is wider than its length, gradually widening from the head to the 9th abdominal segment.

Living habits: 2-3 years per generation, overwintering in soil as larvae and adults. In the southern part of Henan, overwintering adults begin to hibernate in late February, with a peak activity period from mid March to mid April. They lurk in the surface soil during the day and mate and lay eggs at night. Female insects have no flying ability and lay 32-166 eggs per female, with an average of 94 eggs laid; Male adults are good at flying and have phototaxis. The developmental period of the egg is 33-59 days, with an average of 42 days. In early May, the larvae hatch and can grow to over 15mm in length under sufficient food conditions. By late August of the third year, the larvae mature and pupate in soil chambers at a depth of 16-20cm. The pupation period lasts for 12-20 days, with an average of about 16 days. It begins to emerge in mid September and winters in the original pupal chamber that year. In Beijing, when the average soil temperature at a depth of 10cm is 6.7 ℃ in mid March, the larvae begin to move; When the soil temperature reaches 9.2 ℃ in late March, it begins to cause damage, and in the first and middle of April, when the soil temperature is between 15.1-16.6 ℃, the damage is most severe. In early May, when the soil temperature was between 19.1-23.3 ℃, the larvae gradually settled in the soil layer at a depth of 13-17cm; In June, when the soil temperature in 10cm reaches 28 ℃ or above, the golden needle beetle descends to the deep soil layer for summer. In late September to early October, when the soil temperature drops to around 18 ℃, the larvae rise again to the surface soil layer for activity. In late October, as the soil temperature decreases, the larvae begin to descend. By late November, when the average soil temperature of 10cm is 1.5 ℃, the pit beetle will hibernate in the soil layer at a depth of 27-33cm. Due to the weak activity of female adults of the pit beetle, they usually mate and lay eggs in situ, which limits their spread and damage. Therefore, after a single control in fields with high insect populations, the population density is not easy to recover in the short term.

See Grub for prevention and control methods. When the number of golden needles per m2 ditch reaches 1.5 during the survey, prevention and control measures should be taken. Before sowing or transplanting, apply 3% Milol granules at a rate of 2-6kg per 667m2. Mix 50kg of dry fine soil and evenly remove it on the surface. Rake deeply for 20cm, or sprinkle it in planting holes or ditches. After shallow soil covering, plant again. The prevention effect can reach 6 weeks.